小茴香
【气味】辛，温，无毒。
【功效】散寒止痛；理气和胃；温肾暖肝；开胃消食。
--摘自《本草纲目》
现代药理研究
小茴香富含甾醇类、糖苷类、氨基酸、内酯化合物、鞣质、黄酮、强心苷、生物碱、皂苷、挥发性碱、蒽醌及维生素等有效成分[1-7]。具有很好的肝脏保护[2]、镇痛[3-4]、预防便秘[5]、抑菌[6]、抗肿瘤[7]等作用。具有丰富的药用价值、营养价值和经济价值。
[1]刘昆言,禹双双,刘琪龙,等.小茴香研究进展.农产品加工,2020,(17):67-73.DOI:10.16693/j.cnki.1671-9646(X).2020.09.017.
[2]麦迪乃·赛福丁.维药小茴香根皮不同提取物对急慢性肝损伤的保护作用研究.新疆医科大学,2012.
[3]李丽娜.规范化疼痛护理结合小茴香中药热奄包治疗对减轻肝癌晚期患者疼痛效果分析应用//中国智慧工程研究会.2025智能化背景下健康管理经验交流会论文集.阿鲁科尔沁旗中医医院;,2025:85-87.DOI:10.26914/c.cnkihy.2025.030809.
[4]潘慧琳,王永俏,梁冬兰.小茴香粗盐烫熨联合TDP神灯照射在类风湿关节炎患者中的应用价值.临床医学研究与实践,2025,10(18):114-117.DOI:10.19347/j.cnki.2096-1413.202518029.
[5]慕丽昕,谢源嫄,曾嘉珍.腹部按摩联合小茴香盐包烫熨治疗骨科卧床患者便秘的临床效果.现代养生,2025,25(08):584-586.
[6]张宇泽,杨晓倩,王绍江,等.小茴香不同部位醇提取物的抑菌活性研究.抗感染药学,2025,22(01):6-10.DOI:10.13493/j.issn.1672-7878.2025.01-002.
[7]王丽娟,黄红,李祥博,等.小茴香挥发油纳米粒的制备及其抗肿瘤活性.青岛科技大学学报(自然科学版),2024,45(05):40-48.DOI:10.16351/j.1672-6987.2024.05.005.
现代医学中的应用
小茴香已被证实是一种治疗东莨菪碱引起的认知障碍[1]、抑菌[2]、治疗关节炎[3]、改善高血脂[4]、抗氧化、减轻脂多糖引起的急性肺损伤[5]、抗晕动病[6]等的有效药物，小茴香及其制剂在现代医学领域有着广泛的应用前景。
[1] Brinza I, Boiangiu RS, Todirascu-Ciornea E, Hritcu L, Dumitru G.Foeniculum vulgareMill. Mitigates Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Deficits via Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Mechanisms in Zebrafish.Molecules. 2025;30(13):2858. Published 2025 Jul 4. doi:10.3390/molecules30132858
[2] Sanei-Dehkordi A, Abdollahi A, Safari M, Karami F, Ghaznavi G, Osanloo M. Nanogels ContainingFoeniculum vulgareMill. andMentha piperitaL. Essential Oils: Mosquitoes' Repellent Activity and Antibacterial Effect.Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2022;2022:4510182. Published 2022 Aug 31. doi:10.1155/2022/4510182
[3] Arif A, Bhatti A, John P. Therapeutic Potential OfFoeniculum vulgareMill. Derived Selenium Nanoparticles In Arthritic Balb/c Mice.Int J Nanomedicine. 2019;14:8561-8572. Published 2019 Oct 31. doi:10.2147/IJN.S226674
[4] Hong SJ, Yoon S, Jo SM, et al. Olfactory Stimulation by Fennel (Foeniculum vulgareMill.) Essential Oil Improves Lipid Metabolism and Metabolic Disorders in High Fat-Induced Obese Rats.Nutrients. 2022;14(4):741. Published 2022 Feb 10. doi:10.3390/nu14040741
[5] Lee HS, Kang P, Kim KY, Seol GH. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice through ERK-dependent NF-κB Activation.Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2015;19(2):183-189. doi:10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.2.183
[6] Zhao L, Zhong W, Kong X, et al. Profiling the chemical properties of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. and its flavonoids through comprehensive LC-MS/MS to evaluate their anti-motion sickness effect.Fitoterapia. 2024;173:105816. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105816
