麦芽
【气味】味咸，温，无毒。
【功效】消食和中，破除积滞，调理气机，缓解不适。
---摘自《本草纲目》
现代药理研究
麦芽为禾本科植物大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）的成熟果实经发芽干燥而成，是药食同源的传统药材[1-2]，现代药理研究证实其具有助消化、调节血糖血脂、保肝、抗肿瘤、免疫调节等多种活性[3-5]。
[1]李文琦,段雪妍,胡一晨,等.品种和采收期对藜麦芽苗菜总黄酮、总多酚及其抗氧化活性的影响.作物杂志,1-11[2025-12-27].https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.1808.S.20250327.1304.002.
[2]李思漫,徐美琪,刘欣,等.酶解脱支-醇沉-重结晶制备蜡质木薯抗性麦芽糊精的结构和消化性研究.食品与发酵工业,2025,51(15):160-165.DOI:10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.040900.
[3]孔娜,潘少斌,李长庚,等.不同提取方式对炒麦芽多糖抗氧化及降血糖活性的影响[.食品研究与开发,2024,45(16):122-129.
[4]李俊丽.静脉用异麦芽糖酐铁与口服铁治疗肿瘤相关性贫血的疗效评价及安全性分析.湖南中医药大学,2025.DOI:10.27138/d.cnki.ghuzc.2025.000340.
现代医学中的应用
麦芽（Hordeum vulgare L. germinated grains）的现代医学应用基于其活性成分（淀粉酶、麦芽多糖、黄酮类、低聚肽等）的药理作用[1-2]，涵盖消化系统疾病、代谢性疾病、肿瘤辅助治疗、神经保护等领域[3-5]。
[1]Ramakrishna R, Sarkar D, Manduri A, Iyer SG, Shetty K. Improving phenolic bioactive-linked anti-hyperglycemic functions of dark germinated barley sprouts (Hordeum vulgare L.) using seed elicitation strategy. J Food Sci Technol. 2017 Oct;54(11):3666-3678. doi: 10.1007/s13197-017-2828-9. Epub 2017 Aug 31. PMID: 29051662; PMCID: PMC5629176.
[2]Yang X, Chen J, Ma Y, Huang M, Qiu T, Bian H, Han N, Wang J. Function, Mechanism, and Application of Plant Melatonin: An Update with a Focus on the Cereal Crop, Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Mar 25;11(4):634. doi: 10.3390/antiox11040634. PMID: 35453319; PMCID: PMC9028855.
[3]Almaguer C, Kollmannsberger H, Gastl M, Becker T. Influence of the malting conditions on the modification and variation in the physicochemical properties and volatile composition of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) malts. Food Res Int. 2024 Nov;196:114965. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114965. Epub 2024 Aug 22. PMID: 39614532.
[4]O'Lone CE, Juhász A, Nye-Wood M, Moody D, Dunn H, Ral JP, Colgrave ML. Advancing Sustainable Malting Practices: Aquaporins as Potential Breeding Targets for Improved Water Uptake during Controlled Germination of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). J Agric Food Chem. 2024 May 1;72(17):10149-10161. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00884. Epub 2024 Apr 18. PMID: 38635353; PMCID: PMC11066872.
[5]Hassan A, Fasiha Amjad S, Hamzah Saleem M, Yasmin H, Imran M, Riaz M, Ali Q, Ahmad Joyia F, Mobeen, Ahmed S, Ali S, Abdullah Alsahli A, Nasser Alyemeni M. Foliar application of ascorbic acid enhances salinity stress tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) through modulation of morpho-physio-biochemical attributes, ions uptake, osmo-protectants and stress response genes expression. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021 Aug;28(8):4276-4290. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.045. Epub 2021 Mar 21. PMID: 34354410; PMCID: PMC8324950.
